References
A significant amount of scientific data has now been published in peer reviewed medical journals and textbooks regarding the scientific foundations of the CREIGHTON MODEL FertilityCare™ System and other means of naturally regulating human fertility. For those of you who might be interested, the following list of references is provided for your use. In addition, a new medical textbook tentatively entitled "The Medical and Surgical Practice of NaProTECHNOLOGY®" is in preparation.

Cohen, MR, Stein, IF and Kaye, BM: Spinnbarkeit: A Characteristic of Cervical Mucus. Fertility and Sterility, 3:201, 1952.

Roland, M: A Simple Test for the Determination of Ovulation, Estrogen Activity and Early Pregnancy Using the Cervical Mucus Secretion. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 63:81-89, 1952.

Zondek, B and Rosen, S: Cervical Mucus Arborization: Its Use in the Determination of Corpus Luteum Function. Obstetrics and Gynecology. 3:463-470, 1954.

Billings, EL, Billings, JJ, Brown, JB, et al: Symptoms and Hormonal Changes Accompanying Ovulation. The Lancet, February 5, 1972, Pope Paul VI Institute for the Study of Human Reproduction. 282-284.

Moghissi, KS, Syner, FN and Evans, TN: A Composite Picture of the Menstrual Cycle. The American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 114: 405-416, 1972.

Weismann, C, Foliaka, L, Billings, J, et al: A Trial of the Ovulation Method of Family Planning in Tonga. Lancet, October 14, 1972, 2:813-816.

Flynn, AM and Lynch, SS: Cervical Mucus Identification of the Fertile Phase of the Menstrual Cycle. British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 83:545, 1976.

Hilgers, TW, Abraham, GE and Cavanagh, D: Natural Family Planning - I. The Peak Symptom and Estimated Time of Ovulation. Obstetrics and Gynecology, 52: 575-582, 1978.

Casey, JH: The Correlation Between Midcycle Hormonal Profiles, Cervical Mucus and Ovulation in Normal Women. In:
Human Love and Human Life. Santamaria, JN and Billings, JJ, Eds. The Polding Press, Melbourne, Australia, 1979, p. 68.

Klaus, H, et al: Use Effectiveness and Client Satisfaction in Six Teaching Centers Teaching the Billings Ovulation Method. Contraception. Vol. 19, No. 6, June, 1979.

Hilgers, TW and Prebil, AM: The Ovulation Method - Vulvar Observations as an Index of Fertility/Infertility. Obstetrics and Gynecology, 53: 12-22, 1979.

Morishita, H, Hashimoto, T, Mitani, H, et al: Cervical Mucus and Prediction of the Time of Ovulation. Gynecologic and Obstetric Investigation. 10:157-162, 1979.
Brown, JB, Harrisson, P, Smith, MA, et al:
Correlations Between the Mucus Symptoms and the Hormonal Markers of Fertility Throughout Reproductive Life. Ovulation Method Research and Reference Centre of Australia, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, 1981.

Cortesi, S, Rignoni, G, Zen, F, et al: Correlation of Plasma Gonadatropins and Ovarian Steroid Pattern with Symptomatic Changes in Cervical Mucus During the Menstrual Cycle in Normal Cycling Women. Contraception. 23:635-641, 1981.

Hilgers, TW, Prebil, AM, Daly, KD and Hilgers, SK: The Ovulation Method of Natural Family Planning: A Standardized Case Management Approach to Teaching, Book I. Creighton University Natural Family Planning Education and Research Center, Omaha, Nebraska, 1982.

Faccioli, G, Cortesi, S and Calderoni, P: Structure of Human Cervical Mucus Correlation with Plasma Ovarian Hormone Levels. Acta Europaea Fertilitatis, 14:41-50, 1983.

Odeblad, E: The Biophysical Properties of the Cervical - Vaginal Secretions. International Review of Natural Family Planning - 7: 1-56, 1983.

Garcia, N, Giacchi, E, Campo, S, et al: Canalization of Human Cervical Mucus. Obstetrics and Gynecology. 64:164-169, 1984.

Faccioli, G: Hormonal Bases of the Correspondence Between Microscopic and Ultra Microscopic Features of Human Cervical Mucus. Acta Europaea Fertilitatis, 15: 131-135, 1984.

Faccioli, G: Preliminary Results on the Scanning Electron Microscopic Structure of Infertile Human Cervical Mucus. Acta Europaea Fertilitatis, 15: 381-385, 1984.

Hilgers, TW: The Statistical Evaluation of Natural Methods of Family Planning. International Review of Natural Family Planning. 8:226-264, 1984.

Doud, J: Use Effectiveness of the Creighton Model of NFP. International Review of Natural Family Planning. 9:54-72, 1985.

Odeblad, E: The Mucus Symptoms Length and Subphases During the Fertile Age. International Review of Natural Family Planning - 10: 303-313, 1986.

Depares, J, Ryder, REJ, Walker, SM, et al: Ovarian Ultrasonography Highlights Precision of Symptoms of Ovulation as Markers of Ovulation. British Medical Journal. 292:1562, 1986.

Taylor, RS, Woods, JB and Guapo, M: Correlation of Vaginal Hormonal Cytograms with Cervical Mucus Symptoms. The Journal of Reproductive Medicine. 31, 1986.

Nulsen, J, Wheeler, C, Ausmanas, M, et al: Cervical Mucus Changes in Relationship to Urinary Luteinizing Hormone. Fertility and Sterility. 48:783-786, 1987.

Hilgers, TW: The Objective Assessment of the Vulvar Mucus Cycle. International Review of Natural Family Planning, 250-258, Fall 1988.
Daily, DC, Reuter, K, Cohen, S, et al: Follicle Size by Ultrasound versus Cervical Mucus Quality: Normal and Abnormal Patterns in Spontaneous Cycles. Fertility and Sterility. 51: 598-603, 1989.

Hilgers, TW:
The Ovulation Method of Natural Family Planning: An Introductory Booklet for New Users. Pope Paul VI Institute Press, 1991 (and previous printings).

Hilgers, TW:
The Medical Applications of Natural Family Planning: A Contemporary Approach to Women's Health Care. Pope Paul VI Institute Press, Omaha, Nebraska, 1991.

Zhang, DW and Xu, JX: The Effectiveness of the Ovulation Method Used by 688 Couples in Shanghai: Shanghai Municipal Family Planning Commission Presented at the Eleventh Annual Meeting of the American Academy of Natural Family Planning, July 1991, Charleston, West Virginia.

Hilgers, TW, Daly, KD, Prebil, AM, et al: Cumulative Pregnancy Rates in Patients with Apparently Normal Fertility and Fertility-Focused Intercourse. Journal of Reproductive Medicine, 10:864-866, 1992.

Odeblad, E.: The Discovery of Different Types of Cervical Mucus and the Billings Ovulation Method. Bulletin of the Natural Family Planning Council of Victoria. 21: 3-34, Sept. 1994.

Fehring, RJ, Lawrence, D and Philpot, C: Use Effectiveness of the Creighton Model Ovulation Method of Natural Family Planning. Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic and Neonatal Nursing. 23:303-309, 1994.

Hilgers, TW: The Scientific Foundations of the Ovulation Method. Pope Paul VI Institute Press, Omaha, Nebraska, 1995.

Hilgers, TW and Stanford, JB: The Use-Effectiveness to avoid pregnancy in Creighton Model NaProEducation Technology: A Meta-Analysis of Prospective Trials. J. Repro. Med. 43: 495-502, June 1998.

Stanford, JB, Lemaire, JC and Thurman, PB: Women's Interest in Natural Family Planning. J. of Fam. Prac., 46: 65-72, 1998.

Howard, MP and Stanford, JB: Pregnancy Probabilities During Use of the Creighton Model Fertility Care System. Arch. Fam. Med. 8:391-402, 1999.

Stanford, JB, Thurman, PB and Lemaire, JC: Physicians' Knowledge and Practices Regarding Natural Family Planning. Obstet. Gynec. 94: 672-678, 1999.

Hilgers, TW and Stanford, JB: The Creighton Model Fertility Care System to Achieve Pregnancy: The Influence of External Economic Conditions (In Press, 2000).
Also See
www.creightonmodel.com
www.naprotechnology.com
www.aafcp.org
www.loveandlifeunlimited.com
www.popepaulvi.com
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